Business Law Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Law Questions - Essay Example Since the purse contains cash and is a valuable property, there is no chance of it having been abandoned. In both the other instances, Ms File has better rights on it when compared to others, but not so when compared to the original owner of the file whoever he may be. Under Common Law in the United States, the finder of the property is entitled to hand it back once the real owner has made a demand for it from the present holder. If Ms File is dishonest, or casual about the affair, she could spend the money or give to someone to spend. But in any case, she is liable to the true owner once he makes a demand for it. This is also true for any person who receives the lost or mislaid property from Ms File. But for arguments sake, if the purse had indeed been abandoned, Ms File holds better title to the property than anyone else including the owner. She has to hand over the purse and its contents if the owner identifies her and demands it back. Some states in the country stipulate a certai n time period after which ownership is transferred to the buyer. The only other right she has to claim for any expenses that might have incurred to keep the property in good condition. But there is no chance of Ms File incurring any expenses to keep a purse in good condition. She could be held guilty under the statute on conversion which is a tort in US law in case she refuses to hand it over. The facts of the case are as follows. Hank, who bought a car from Ford Motor Company with his friend Cheatem as surety was found to be insane at the time of contract. But this became apparent only when Ford sued Hank for non-payment of installment on the vehicle. Cheatem refused to pay up on behalf of Hank on the defense that the contract was invalid due to the insanity clause. According to US laws, â€Å"insanity or mental incompetence is also a defense against enforcement of a

Drug Trade in South America Essay Example for Free

Drug Trade in South America Essay Among the many topics given for the annotated Bibliography, I have decided go by my teachers advice. Therefore, I will cover â€Å"drug trade in South America†. South America is a large continent comprising of countries like, Argentina, Colombia, Chile, Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, Uruguay, Ecuador and Venezuela among many others. The whole of this continent has been noted to be a primary source for narcotics, which in most cases end up finding their way to the rest of the world, with Colombia being the number one Heroine producer in the whole South America continent. The contents favorable climatic conditions allows for the mass growing of cocaine, heroine, and bhang producing plants. This widespread growth of these plants is practiced in the fertile lands along the many permanent rivers which criss-cross the continent e. g. Amazon River basin. These rivers also offer drug transportation alternative, whereby private boats transport these drugs across the borders of countries. The fight against drug cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale in the continent has done little to this deep-rooted vice. This is because of overwhelming rates of corruption across the continent. Another reason has been the chronic political instability of many countries of South America. The majority of the continents countries are largely under developed and therefore proper Government machinations to combat drug trafficking has not really been to the expected standards. In my map, I have shown the whole continent of South America with its physical features included to show the drug growing areas. The tropical rain forests the Amazon River basin. Through my research I hope to extract the mystery about the resistant drug producing culture, the various governments efforts to combat drug trafficking and some of the major drug cartels in the continent. International narcotics control strategy report 2006 Bureau for international Narcotics and law Enforcement Affairs This report complied by Bureau for international Narcotics and law Enforcement Affairs, March 2006, gives a detailed account of the state of affairs, pertaining drugs in more than ten countries of S. America. The journal is so detailed that it shows out a brief summary each of the ten countries drug trafficking levels, countries drug rating status, countries actions against drugs 2005, countries law enforcement efforts and arrest made, and lastly, countries road map towards combating drug trafficking. From article, it is clear that the continent produce almost all the prohibited drugs i. e. heroine, cocaine, marijuana, these drugs are grown almost all the eleven countries discussed in the article, with Colombia being the leading in production of all these drugs. Also in this article is the environmental safeguarding measures applied when destroying drugs. The article shows the rating of every country among the countries of the world. This journal has very many details about drug cultivation manufacture, distribution and selling making it a very informing tool to the relevant authorities who are responsible for the crackdown of the illegal cartels. I further recommend the journal to both potential and practicing law enforcers, to fellow students who may be taking the same course, this journal is the kind of research material they need to look for. It convinces a reader that, with all that knowledge about the existence of drug trafficking then curbing it is very simple. The author of this journal (bureau for international narcotics and law enforcements affairs) is the body charged with the duty of drawing regulations and the enforcement of the laws governing illegal drug trafficking, and therefore the information in it is very much reliable as a source for this topic.

Edgar Allan Poe Essay -- essays research papers fc

Edgar Allen Poe Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allen Poe’s contributions to American literature have become increasingly more prominent as the years have passed. As short fiction has become a more accepted genre in literary circles, Poe’s theories are studied with more passion. Although he lived a rather melancholy life, Poe did experience moments of joy, and desired to capture the beauty through poetic form. Indeed, what he left behind for the literary world was his gifted genus, revealed through his poetry, fiction, and criticism. The darkness that seems to surround Poe’s life began as an infant. Poe was born January 19, 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts. He was the second son of David and Eliza Poe, but soon after he was born, David abandoned the family. Then two years after that occurrence, Eliza died from tuberculosis. After her death, Edgar, his little sister, Rosalie, and his brother, William, were separated. While William was sent to live with his grandparents, and Rosalie was sent t o a family in Richmond, Virginia, Poe moved to live with John and Fannie Allan (Silverman 1-15). John Allan was a well-known businessman, and Poe was no longer surrounded in poverty. John made sure that Poe was given a good education, and when living in England with the Allan’s, he went to private academies. The then moved back to the states, and Edgar enrolled at the University of Virginia in 1826. When he was there, he spent much of his money, and soon found himself in debt. He asked Mr. Allan to pay for it, but he refused, because he assumed that the debt was due to Poe’s constant gambling and consumption of alcohol (Silverman 29-38). It can be assumed that the greatest contributor to Poe’s disturbance was his addiction to alcohol. His foster family’s status made this problem a shameful vise, and a source of conflict. Poe used drinking as an escape of sorts, and his life was greatly affected by the substance. It disrupted his writing, his first engagem ent, and his time with his foster family. After he left home, he tried to make a life for himself in Boston. He was reunited with his brother, but at the young age of 24 he died which upset Poe very much. His writing became more insistent after being rejecting constantly by newspapers. Soon afterwards, he married his own cousin, Virginia, who was his symbol as the perfect woman. In 1837, he moved to New York, where competed wit... ...erished possession. Finally, he asks once again, whether it is fantasy that is only a dream, or is it that reality itself is but a dream as well. Edgar Allan Poe always seemed to desire creating another world, an artificial creation, but in this process conveys the beauty he always craved for. Poe’s life was one full of despair and depression, which later lead him to create literary masterpieces. Perhaps it was this state of mind which made him appear fearless, allowing him to voice his opinion in spite of the criticism directed at him. In this day and age, his words are to be regarded with a newfound significance, for literature has become a genre in and of itself. His theories on writing will continue to be studied for generations to come. Though his place in literary circles was uncertain in his own time, his place in the literary cannon is undeniable today. Bibliography Hart, James David. The Oxford Composition to American Literature. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983. May, Charles E. Edgar Allan Poe: A Study of the Short Fiction. Boston: Twayne Publications, 1991. Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar Allan Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York: Harper, 1992.

Agriculture Sector

North Cachar Hills Agriculture & allied activities Agriculture, Horticulture & Marketing All the tribes living in this hill district are mainly depending on agriculture. The primitive system of Jhuming cultivation are common among all the tribes. The practice of Jhuming not only destroy the micro flora and fauna but also affect ecological balance by destroying forest. So, an attempt has been made through this scheme to replace Jhum by permanent cultivation, terrace cultivation. Moreover the Soil of this hilly region is very suitable summer as well as winter paddy. Horticulture is the main occupation in the district of N. C. Hills farmers. The altitude varies from 800meters to 1200 meters and average rainfall around 2300 mm and temperatures varies from 6 to 12 degree C in winter and 17 -33 degree C in summer. Out of total geographical area of 4888 sq. km. around 1. 88 lakh hectares is suitable for cultivation and 80% of the cultivable land is suitable for horticultural crops. Potential for horticultural development is very bright along with canning and processing industry as this district produces huge quantity of quality pineapple, oranges and ginger through purely organic method as use of agrochemicals is virtually non-existent. However, all the tribes of this hilly district are mainly dependant on destructive slash and burn method of cultivation or Jhuming and in the process forest cover has been largely denuded and ecosystem has been damaged. According to topography, rainfall and other geographical factors the district has been divided into three parts, consisting of the development blocks, 1st Part— Diyungbra ITDP and Diyung valley Block. – This particular area comprises mainly of foothill and plains is suitable for field crops such as Sugarcane, Maize, Oil seeds, paddy, pulses and tropical horticultural crops like coconut, areca nut, cashew nut, mango, mousambi, litchi etc. 2nd Part—Sangbar development block has both low altitude and high altitude areas and crops suitable are both tropical and sub tropical crops. Main cultivated crops are sugarcane, Ginger, Turmeric, Pineapple and oranges. 3rd Part —comprises mainly of Jatinga valley block and Harangajao ITDP. Major crops grown are Paddy, Oranges, Ginger, Turmeric, Girenium etc. EXISTING SCHEMES BEING PRESENTLY IMPLEMENTED Major state sector schemes that under implementation are as follows . Saturation of HYV. . Dev. of Sugarcane. . . Dev. of pulses. . Dev. of oilseed. . Farmers' Institute. . Incentive to Farmers. . Plant Protection campaign. . Bio- Fertilizer and Manures. IMPACT OF EXISTING SCHEMES. After five long decades of development efforts total area under settled cultivation has risen to around 33 thousand hectare and there has been increase in the production of food grains like paddy, oilseeds and noticeable among them are paddy, sugarcane pineapple and oranges. Vegetable cultivation has been nonexistent among tribal farmers even a few decades back but now it's getting popular. Though, area under Jhuming has not decreased, dependence on Jhuming has diminished significantly mainly due to increase in area under settled cultivation and introduction of HYV and improved and scientific farming practices. Area under horticulture and paddy has significantly and average production of paddy in the district is higher than the state average. CONSTRAINTS AND GAPS * Roads and communication is the primary hurdle in the way of agril development hampering both developmental activities in the interior villages. Adoption and use of modern farming knowledge and technology leaves much to be desired mainly due to remoteness of villages, lack of all weather roads, insurgency and the relatively backward tribal populace. *In case of field crops more than 95% area is under single cropping system due to low status of Farm mechanization, and weak agril extension system owing to communication and insurgency problems. PROPOSED INTERVENTION UNDER RSVY . Area expansion drive under Oil seeds, Pulses, Tuber crops in part -A areas is being proposed to cover an area of 1108 hectares with financial outlay of Rs. 4, 42,00,580. 00 @ Rs. 37, 843. 0 per hectare, over a period of three years. . Farmers' field level training & demonstration on appropriate technology to inculcate the theories and principles of sustainable and eco-friendly methods of permanent cultivation against the prevalent destructive jhuming practices. It is proposed to take up 75 numbers of such training and demonstration on Integrated pest management (IPM) and Integrated Nutrient Management(INM) in five Development Block areas over a period of three years with proposed allocation of Rs. 11. 2 Lakhs. @ 15,000. 00 per Trng. & Demonstration covering 40 nos. of trainee/training total beneficiary 75X40 = 3000 nos. Establishment of 60 nos. of mechanized ‘gur’ making units to be mana ged by 60 nos. of SHG already engaged in sugarcane cultivation in sugarcane belt with a financial outlay of Rs. 60 Lakhs. . Organised irrigation under govt. sector being utterly inadequate there is felt need among tribal farmers for water pumps mainly for paddy cultivation, which is the staple food of the tribes. Hence, for lift irrigation purpose it is proposed to provide 200 nos. of 5 HP diesel Pump with a financial outlay of Rs. 44. 00 lakh @ Rs. 22,000. 00 per pump and planting materials like litchi, cashew nut, banana, assam lemon, moushambi, guava and vanilla etc. ill be provided to all the farmers with an allocation of Rupees 30 lakhs for three years @ Rs. 10. 00 lakhs per year. The total subsidy up to 70% would be provided and 30% contribution would be borne by the beneficiaries. The modern technology as well as know how of cultivation and demerits of jhuming cultivation would be published in pamphlets and displayed in sign board in local languages so that all the cultivator s can understand. To increase the cropping intensity of N. C. Hills district from 107% at present to 120% over the span of next three years. Apart from traditional winter paddy and jhum paddy, spring paddy and summer paddy are proposed to be grown with the help of field irrigation with diesel pump. The diesel pump with accessories will be supplied to the beneficiaries where water source is available with 70% subsidy and the beneficiaries shall bear the cost of digging canals, other expenditure like diesel and maintenance. The diesel pump sets are proposed to be provided in the plain areas like Diyungmukh, maibang, Harangajao and Langting area. . Purchase of 200 numbers of metal food grain storage Bins with an estimated outlay of Rs. 9. 6 lakhs. IMPACT OF INTERVENTION . Increase in area and production of field crops. . Decreased dependence on destructive jhuming practices. . Improved level of Self-sufficiency in cereals, oil seeds, pulses. . Improvement of farming knowledge and farming skill of the tribal farmers. . Increase in irrigation potential and food production through power pump & power tiller apart from creation o f more than 300 direct and indirect employment avenues. . Better knowledge of eco friendly and green methods of cultivation through IPM (integrated pest management) practices. 3000 farmers will be benefited. Discouragement of jhuming, encouragement of sustainable permanent cultivation practices. Likelihood of more jhum areas to come under settled cultivation. . Introduction of scientific grain storage facility for the first time in N. C. Hills and almost 200 farmers families will be benefited . It is proposed to bring 960 ha. of land from age old destructive jhum. Abstract of all the schemes mentioned above is shown below. SL. No. NAME OF SCHEMES 1st Year TARGET 2nd. Year TARGET 3rd. Year TOTAL REMARKS COMPONENT PHY (ha) FIN(Rs .in Lakh) PHY (ha) FIN (Rs in Lakh. PHY (ha) FIN(Rs. in Lakh) PHY(ha) FIN(in Lakh) 1. Area expn. of Sugar cane at Zone I Area expansion of Potato for all three Zones. Area expansion of Mustard for Zone I, II. 200 50 70 76. 52 20. 51 6. 27 200 50 70 76. 52 20. 51 6. 27 200 50 70 76. 52 20. 51 6. 27 600 150 210 229. 56 61. 53 18. 81 Around 600 sugarcane farmers would be benefited and substantial Jhoom degraded area would be brought under Settled cultivation. 2. Gur Production unit equipped with Sugarcane Power crusher and accessories and infrastructure. 20 nos 20. 00 20 nos. 20. 00 20 nos. 20. 00 60 nos. 60. 00 60 nos. of self help group consisting of more than 10 farmers each would be engaged in productive activity and Economic status of the District would be upgraded. 3. Minor Lift Irrigation cultivation for Field crops like Paddy, Sugarcane, Mustard etc. with 5 H. P Diesel Power pump, Planting materials, Pamphlets etc  · Diesel Power Pump. . Planting materials, Pamphlets etc 100 nos. 22. 00 10. 00 2. 50 100 nos 22. 00 10. 00 2. 50 100 nos 22. 00 10. 00 2. 50 300 nos. . 66. 00 30. 00 7. 50 60 (sixty) nos of self help groups consisting of 10 members each would be engaged for success fully implementing the scheme and additional areas of Jhoom degraded areas would be brought under settled and permanent cultivation.. Farmers Training & motivational scheme for Training & Motivating the farming community To decrease dependence on Jhooming and encourage them to adopt sustainable & permanent ways of cultivation through Integrated pest management (IPM)and integrated nutrient management training(INM) . Purchase of 200 numbers of Metal Seed Bin for storage of foodgrains with protection from storage pests and distribution among farmers. Purchase of Mobile Soil Testing Kit for field level on the spot assessment of soil fertility status for adjudging accurate nutrient requirement of crop 25 nos. f 7 (seven) days Traini-ng each batch consisting of 40 nos. of farmers 70 nos. @ Rs. 4800/- 25 nos 3. 75 3. 41 7. 5 25 nos. of (seven) days training each batch consisting of 40 nos. of farmers 70 nos Nil 3. 75 3. 41 Nil 25 nos. of 7 (seven) days training each batch Consisting of 40 nos. of farmers 60 nos. Nil 3. 75 3. 41 Nil 75 nos. 200 nos. 25 11. 25 10. 23 7. 5 Necessary technical know-how would be imparted to th e farming community so as to enable them to successfully implement the schemes envisaged in the RSVY project. Scientific food grain storage will be introduced for the first time in the District and 200 farming families will be benefited. Soil testing kit would benefit a large Number of farmers covering all the development blocks. 4. 5. 6. Total 172. 46 164. 96 164. 46 502. 38 Horticulture Horticulture is the main occupation of the people in the district of N,C, Hills and 80% of the cultivable land is suitable for horticultural crops and potential of horticultural development is highly promising owing to suitable agro climatic condition. ONGOING SCHEMES. . Intensive horticultural development project. lHDP) . Development of progeny orchard. . . Potato Development scheme. CONSTRAINTS AND GAP These schemes are implemented by utilizing state sector plan fund. Inadequate and stagnant fund provision acts as obstacle in the road of vast potential of horticultural development. Area expansion under horticultural crop faces with the problem of marketing as all produce are perishable and farmers are at the mercy of the middleman due to absence of marketing infrastructure and non-existent road communication network. Nearest market for sell of produce is often 4-5hours walk through difficult terrain. Absence of canning and preservation industry does not guarantee any support price for the horticultural produce. Dissemination alarming technology and knowledge through the extension mechanism is also hampered due to the above-mentioned reason. Vast untapped potential for horticultural development exists and to realize the potential extensive training and motivation coupled with exposure and study tour inside and outside the state and incentive for area expansion of existing successful crops and introduction of high value, less perishable, low in quantity crops like cashew nut, black pepper should be provided to the farming community. Keeping in view the above conditions the following schemes are being proposed for implementation for the development of N. C. Hills. PROPOSED INTERVENTION UNDER RSVY . Area expansion of banana, pineapple, moushambi, litchi, areca nut in Zone-I covering an area of 100 ha is proposed with an estimated outlay of 22 lakhs. For Zone-III covering area of 100 ha for proposed orange plantation @ Rs. 22,000 per ha. Estimated outlay is around Rs. 22 Lakhs. . Canning and fruit preservation facility with estimated outlay of Rs. 47. 04 lakhs is being proposed. . Horticulture kit containing essential orchard management items, for 800 orchard owners @ Rs. 800 per kit with a total outlay of Rs. 22. 40 Lakhs. . Introduction of mushroom cultivation among tribal farmers to be implemented with an estimated outlay of Rs20. 77 lakhs. . Project of vermicompost production at block level with an estimated outlay of 15. 00 lakhs. . Plant protection scheme for arresting citrus decline and citrus rejuvenation w ith financial outlay of Rs. 23. 75 lakhs. . Establishment of 5 nos. of Horticulture nursery @ Rs. 3. 5 lakhs each. . Procurement of 500 nos. of tree sprayers @ Rs. 2000 each for distribution among orchard owners. Total outlay Rs. 0 Lakhs. The SHG would be formed in Jatinga, Dehangi, Harangajao, Mahur, Maibang area where land is suitable for Horticultural Crops and beneficiaries of these would be benefited. IMPACT OF INTERVENTION . Overall increase in area and production of horticultural crops thus benefiting the farming community by increasing their economic threshold. . Nutritional requirements of the rural as well as urban population would be effectively met thus improving quality of life. . Area expansion of different fruit crops is expected to generate temporary employment of 5000 mandays per year. Mushroom production vermicompost production project are expected to increase self employment opportunities among the local rural people. . Fruit canning and preservation centres is ex pected to provide around 150-200 direct and indirect avenue. . Establishment of horticultural nursery has the potential of generating around 5000 mandays every year. . Citrus rejuvenation project is expected to generate around 6000 mandays per year. Marketing as we all recognize, plays a pivotal role in agriculture and more precisely so for horticultural crops which are generally perishable in nature. To strengthen the marketing infrastructure so as to ensure remunerative prices to the farmers of N. C. Hills of their products urgent steps needed to be taken. PROPOSED INTERVENTION UNDER RSVY . Construction of Market shed in registered rural market with an estimated outlay of Rs, 7. 5 Lakhs. . Construction of market stall with a total out lay of Rs. 6. 00 Lakhs. . All the schemes under horticulture will be executed through SHGs giving priority on area expansion of horticultural crops and canning. SL. No. NAME OF SCHEMES 1st Year TARGET 2nd. Year TARGET 3rd. Year TOTAL REMARKS COMPONENT PHY (ha) FIN(Rs . in Lakh) PHY (ha) FIN(Rs In Lakh. PHY (ha) FIN(Rs. in Lakh) PHY (ha) FIN(in Lakh) 1. Area expn. of Horticulture crops For Zone I : Proposal for area expansion under banana, Pineapple, Mousambi, Litchi,, arecanut, Rs. 22000/- per ha. For Zone III: Proposal for area expansion under khasi mandarin orange at jatinga, Laisong & Retzol area ha. @ 22000/- per ha. 40 40 8. 8 8. 8 40 40 8. 8 8. 8 20 20 4. 4 4. 4 100 100 22 22 The proposed scheme is capable of generating more than 2000 mandays per year. 2. Estabilishment of canning and fruit preservation centre at Boro Haflong 1 Nos. 47. 40 4740 Apart from providing farmers with remunerative support prices for their product. This project can generate sizable employment opportunities both direct and indirect. 3. Mushroom development Scheme 1 Nos. 20. 76 1 Nos. 20. 76 The project would be implemented through 10 nos. of SHG selected from villages situated around Haflong Town and spawn lab facility compost production centre 4. 5. 6. 7. Production of Vermicompost Citrus rejuvenation schemes @ Rs. 47850 per ha Etablishment of small nursery for production of quality of planting materials @ Rs. 3. 5 Lakhs each. Per ha. Purchase of tree sprayer for use in horticulture @ Rs. 2000 each Total 5 units 10 ha 2 nos. 100 nos. 5. 00 4. 78 7. 00 2. 00 83. 78 2 units 10 Ha. 2 nos. 100 nos. 2. 00 4. 78 7. 00 2. 00 54. 14 2 units 10 Ha. 1 nos. 100 nos. 2. 00 4. 78 3. 50 2. 00 21. 08 9 units 30 Ha. 3 ha 300 nos. 9. 00 14. 34 17. 5 6. 00 159. 00 Around 300 employment opportunities will be created apart from the main product. 500 Nos. of orange growers will be benefited and 6000 nos. of mandays will be created every year. Around 6000 mandays will be created every year. 5oo farmers family will be benifited _MINOR IRRIGATION There are 19 (nineteen) M. I. schemes brought under irrigation coverage up to March / 2004 is 36. 0% of the total cultivable area. The remaining 63. 50 % of the cultivable area is dependent on rainfall which is scanty. Further there is some rain shadow areas where average rainfall is only 1000 mm. There are 19 (nineteen ) Nos. of completed flow schemes with a command area of 1194 ha. And 16 Nos. of completed Water Harvest schemes with total command area of 29 6 ha. under this Division. Further, there are 14 (fourteen) Nos. of ongoing schemes covering 1553 ha. New Minor Irrigation schemes (Flow) for acute rain shadow areas have been proposed under RSVY programme with an allocation of Rs. 148. 74 lakhs . CONSTRAINTS AND GAPS. Considerable Nos. of M. I . schemes which were completed long back are in defunct position . Lacking in flow of fund from the State Sector restricts the strengthening and repairing of old schemes . INTERVENTION. 1. It is proposed to take up 8 (eight ) nos. of flow Irrigation scheme with an amount of Rs. 148. 74 lakhs specially in rain shadow area for livelihood of the poor tribal people whose only source of income is agriculture. With these new schemes 359 ha. of land will be brought under irrigation providing benefit to 308 Nos. of families. Mandays will be generated to the tune of 98,486 nos. IMPACT: 1. 1. 00 lakhs mandays will be generated by rejuvenation of 8 (eight) nos. of Minor Flow Irrigation schemes. 2. 355 ha. of cultivable area will be brought under irrigation . 3. Total 315 nos. families will be benefited. 4. With the propose M. I. Schemes, the traditional â€Å"Jhum Cultivation† of the tribal people will be discouraged through† Wet Cultivation† which will help in conserving the natural forest land and maintaining ecological balance 5. Water users association will be formed with beneficiary group and they will require to pay users fees as O & M Cost for sustainability of the project. . Details of Irrigation schemes: All the new schemes proposed under RSVY are flow irrigation schemes and are duly approved by N. C. Hills Autonomous Council, Haflong. Water is proposed to be tapped from the surface source like nullah or canals and hilly stream by constructing non-permeable C. C. Bundh across the source and carrying water to the ultimate point of c onsumption through Canals and Water courses. Hydraulic structures like aqueduct, cross drainage structures and drop structures are proposed in the respective detailed estimates on which administrative approval is received from N. C. Hills Autonomous Council, Haflong. Design parameters of each structures are technically examined. Water users society would be formed in the line of SHG and cost of maintenance of these schemes would be born by the water users societies. Under all these irrigation schemes water users associations shall be set up. Beneficiaries Contribution, either by own finance or Bank finance. Flow Irrigation Scheme Sl. No. Name of Development Block Name of Scheme with nature of work Area be Irrigated (Ha. ) Estimated amount (Rs. in lakhs) 1 Harangajao block 1. Dimbrudisa I/S i) Construction of Head work with appurtenant structures. (ii) Constn. Of Canal system. (iii) Constn. Of Hydraulic structures (iv) Constn. Of approach road 22 20. 00 2. Donlou I/S. (i) Construction of Head work with appurtenant structures. (ii) Constn. Of Canal system. (iii) Constn. Of Hydraulic structures (iv) Constn. Of approach road 12 12. 00 3. Lower Rekho I/S (i) Construction of Head work with appurtenant structures. ( ii) Constn. Of Canal system. (iii) Constn. Of Hydraulic structures (iv) Constn. Of approach road 20 18. 05 2. Jatinga Valley Dev. Block. 1. Moucher I/S. (i) Construction of Head work with appurtenant structures. (ii) Constn. Of Canal system. (iii) Constn. Of Hydraulic structures (iv) Constn. Of approach road 20 19. 00 2. Laisong I/S. (i) Construction of Head work with appurtenant structures. (ii) Constn. Of Canal system. (iii) Constn. Of Hydraulic structures (iv) Constn. Of approach road 22 31. 00 3. Longma I/S. (i) Construction of Head work with appurtenant structures. (ii) Constn. Of Canal system. (iii) Constn. Of Hydraulic structures (iv) Constn. Of approach road 30 17. 50 3. Diyungbra Block Phongjadisa Nalla I/S (i) Construction of Head work with appurtenant structures. (ii) Constn. Of Canal system. (iii) Constn. Of Hydraulic structures (iv) Constn. Of approach road 30 19. 08 Water Harvest Scheme from mishikong Nalla (i) Construction of Head work with appurtenant structures. (ii) Constn. Of Canal system. (iii) Constn. Of Hydraulic structures (iv) Constn. Of approach road 20 12. 11 4. Maibang Sub-divison 1. Nobaidisa I/S (i) Construction of Head Work (ii) Constn. Of Canal system (iii) Constn. Of Canal structures (iv) River Bank Protection work 290 15. 00 2. Purana Maibang I/S (i) Head Work (ii) Cross drainage work (iii) Canal System 120 11. 62 3. Kalachand Ph. I I/S (i) Head Work (ii) Cross drainage work (iii) Canal System 600 13. 38 4. Wadrengdisa (i) Head Work (ii) Cross drainage work (iii) River bank Protection work 120 15. 00 5. Delen I/S (i) Head Work (ii) Canal System 70 7. 00 6. Tongikro I/S (i) Construction of Head Work (ii) Constn. Of Canal system (iii) Constn. Of Canal structures 90 8. 00 Total 14 nos. 1466 ha 218. 74 YEARWISE PHYSICAL AND FINANCIAL TARGET PROPOSED Physical : Numbers Financial Rs. in Lakhs Scheme 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 Total Phy. Fin Phy. Fin Phy. Fin Phy. Fin Newly proposed Flow Irrigantio scheme. 5 75. 36 4 57. 00 5 86. 38 14 218. 74 ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY Animal Husbandry and Veterinary programmes comes next to Agriculture towards improving the Socio-economic condition of the N. C. Hills people. These activities have acquired special importance in the N. C. Hills areas of Assam for their potentiality and providing alternative occupation to the Jhuming Families. The tempo achieved in the area of the Poultry, Piggery, Cattle, and Goatery are encouraging. To up-grade the indigenous stock of Cattle, A. I. and Natural services are continuing besides training programmes. Present Status # The Projected livestock population of N. C. Hills is shown below : Livestock and Poultry Total 1. Cattle # 97341 Nos. 2. Buffalo # 24266 Nos. 3. Goat # 19503 Nos. 4. Sheep # 186 Nos. 5. Poultry # 153265 Nos. 6. Pig # 24068 Nos. 7. Dog # 45,523 Nos. (SOURCE – National Livestock Survey 1997) Following are the ongoing schemes in the district : 1. Administrative organization to strengthen Administrative machineries both at head quarter and district level – 03 Nos. 2. Veterinary Aid Centre – 01 scheme 3. Veterinary Dispensary– 01 scheme 4. R. P. Check Post and Vigilance unit–01 scheme 5. Pig Farm –01 scheme 6. Pig Seed Farm Project –01 scheme 7. Cattle Breeding project –01 scheme 8. Mini I. C. D. P. –01 scheme 9. Poultry Farm –01 scheme 10. Broiler Unit –01 scheme 11. Marketing Org. (Livestock) –01 scheme 12. Fooder Farm –01 scheme 3. Feed Mixing Plant –01 scheme 14. Distbn. Pig, Poultry, Cattle and Duck– 03 Nos. 15. Farmers training in Cattle, Poultry, Piggery and Duck – 03 Nos. 16. Training of Institution Vety. Science — 01 nos. 17. Rural Dairy Creamery Center/ Rural Dairy Center – 02 Nos. This district being the habitat of 13 ST(H) groups are basically dependent on Agriculture and allied activities like Animal Husbandry & Vety. It is the place where more than 90% of people take meat, fish, egg etc. The middle classes and elites used to keep dogs as a status symbol and also as requirement for watching. They are found to have taken the pups of improved varieties like Doberman, German shepherds, Labradors etc. from outside like Calcutta. The chevon (goat) is also a delicious food which is however taken as important dish by the tribal as well as non-tribal people of the district. The piggery is an important and unavoidable livestock of the district as the pig meat is very popular in the district and as well as it has a wide demand in the areas of our neighbourhood in Meghalaya, Nagaland, Mizoram and Manipur etc. Constraints & Gaps: 1. Non availability of good quality breed. 2. Scarcity of quality feed. . Lack of scientific knowledge of rearing pig, poultry and goatery etc. with advanced scientific know how. 4. Transport Communication bottlenecks. 5. Non-availability of feed supplements, medicine, equipments etc. 6. Financial shortage. Intervention: Under the above condition we would like to propose the intervention of SDA under RSVY to meet up the deficiencies. Interventions: 1. It is therefore planned to take up establishment of 35 nos. of broiler units with an allocation of Rs. 32. 90 lakhs to benefit 350 people by generating self employment to 35 SHG which will be monitored by A. H. Vety. Deptt. 2. It is proposed to establish 35 nos. of poultry layer birds of improved varieties in the district like commercial birds of varieties like BV 380, golden christen etc. with an allocation of Rs. 87. 50 lakhs. @ Rs. 2. 5 lakhs per unit which will be benefited by generating sustained self employment to 35X10 =350 persons organized into 35 SHG. 3. With the intervention of SDA under RSVY it is proposed to allocate Rs. 72,90,000. 00 for establishing 25 nos. of pig unit @ Rs. 2,91,600 per unit and this will benefit 250 persons with sustained self employment by organizing them into 25 SHG. . Under SDA(RSVY) it is proposed to establish 10 nos. of goat unit in the areas representing different ST communities with an allocation of Rs. 19. 50 lakhs @ Rs. 109,500. 00. This will be nefit 100 persons by creating sustained self employment and will be organized into 10 SHG for maintenance after proper training to be conducted by the A. H. & Vety. Deptt. 5. As the keeping of dog is felt necessary by the middle classes and upper middle classes of N. C. Hills, Karbi Anglong, Barak Valley and Guwahati it is proposed to establish 5(five) modern dog breeding units with an allocation of Rs. ,37,400/ by which 50 persons organized into 5 SHG will get sustained self employment. The annual return of these 5 farms will be around Rs 15 lakhs. 6. In order to maintain standard feeds for the above mentioned livestock units establishment of a feed mill is felt inevitable. This feed mill is being proposed with an allocation of Rs. 1,38,00,000( Ruppes One Crore thirty eight lakhs). This will benefit 1100 nos. of AH & Vety growers and 110SHG will get direct benefit of self employment and this will definitely benefit more than 1 lakhs individuals indirectly with the supply of quality Vety. Products. Necessary arrangements for vety. care services are planned accordingly with the additive provisions of SGSY. Following Schemes are approved under RSVY. Sl. NO. Name of scheme Justification Rs. In lakhs. 01 02 03 04 01 Esstt. of Poultry Broiler Unit Modernisation of infrastructure to increase capacity of producing input, i. e. , meat and egg for the consumer and farmers of the district as well as to the neighbouring areas. 32. 85 02 Esstt. of Poultry Commercial layer Unit Modernization of existing infrastructure to increase capacities for producing input, meat & egg for the consumer & farmers of the district besides training and demonstration programme of Unemployed Youth. 87. 35 03 Esstt. of Pig Unit To modernize the existing infrastructure with view to produce upgrade inputs to supply the local breeds. This will also produce additional required pork besides demonstration & training of the farmers. 90. 77 04 Esstt. of goat Unit Project for goat farming with a view to meet the demand of mutton of the district as well as the neighbouring areas for income generation of the local people. 0. 95 05 Esstt. Of Dog breeding Unit To meet the demand of improve varieties of dogs in Haflong and other places as people use to bring dogs from outside the states. 13. 37 06 Esstt. Of Modern feed mixing plant At present cattle feed is brought from Guwahati which cost more. The new plant shall be able to supply cattle feed at a reasonable rate to all the rural places of the district. 104. 00 07 Esstt. Of fodder Farm With a view to produce green grass, seeds for farmers. 3. 00 Total 342. 29 Details of the Veterinary Schemes All these units shall be established through SHG and co-operative farm. The SHG shall continue finance either by own contribution or bank finance for maintenance of the farm. The concerned department shall only guide and supervise the establishment and maintenance of these units and they are organized into Groups for better supervision. ESTABLISHMENT OF POULTRY UNITS Poultry eggs and meat are the important sources as high quality protein to balance the diet of common people. Poultry farming can provide gainful employment if done on a commercial scale to harness the tremendous market potential in the District. Though the district has a moderately favourable climate for Poultry farming, particularly commercial broilers and commercial layer activity has not made any significant progress, due to lack of enthusiasm among the farming community as well as due to non-availability of critical in puts at right time. Further, majority of the population are under ( small units ) as made good progress due to the favourable environment availability in the district. The existing infrastructure and allocation the existing poultry Farm, Haflong can not meet the entire demand. As such new farms requires to be established and proposed the following amount for taking up the progress in phase manner. Establishment of Poultry Units Sl. No. Unit Break-up 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 Total 1 35 Construction of Poultry sheds 15. 00 Lakhs 2. 85 Lakhs Nil 17. 85 Lakhs 2 Working Capital chicks / feed/ medicine etc. Nil 7. 50 Lakhs 7. 50 lakhs 15. 00 lakhs Total 15. 00 Lakhs 10. 35 Lakhs 7. 50 lakhs 32. 85 lakhs Establishment of Poultry Layer Commercial Unit The Commercial layer bird will start laying egg from the age of 4 months and lays egg up to 300 nos. per year till 18 months of age weighing 2. kg. The egg can also be sold at Rs. 1. 5 per egg and as such one layer can earn Rs. 450. 00 per year apart from the meat. Thus a farm may earn eggs 2. 85,000 nos. per year and total production of meat 20. 9 quintals. The Farm will serve as productive as well as practical demonstration farm from the trainees of this district with a total allocation of Rs. 180 lacs there is the proposal for production of meat sufficient for the district. Sl. No. Unit Break-up 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 Total 1 35 Construction of Poultry sheds 15. 00 Lakhs 2. 85 Lakhs Nil 17. 85 Lakhs 2 Working capital chicks / feed/ medium etc. Nil 34. 75 Lakhs 34. 75 Lakhs 69. 50 lakhs Total 15. 00 Lakhs 37. 60 Lakhs 34. 75 Lakhs 87. 35 lakhs Establishment of Pig Unit Pig rearing is common among the farmers in the district, majority of farmers being small & marginal, those activities are able to provide them supplementary income. The activities are thriving in the district due to the excellent demand for the pork and meat. The existing Pig Farm, Haflong can not meet the demand of pork & piging for the farmers & public. The following requirement of fund are proposed for new programme of Pig Farm, Haflong. Establishment of Pig Unit Sl. No. Unit Break-up 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 Total 1 25 Construction of sheds for Pig 20. 00 lakhs 31. 00 Lakhs Nil 51. 00 Lakhs 2 Purchase of animal Nil 6. 00 Lakhs 4. 25 Lakhs 10. 25 lakhs 3 Working expenditure Nil 15. 00 Lakhs 14. 52 Lakhs 29. 52 Lakhs Total 90. 77 Lakhs PROJECT REPORT FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF GOAT UNIT INTRODUCTION : The North Cachar Hills District of Assam with Geographical area of 488800 hectors. 01. East # Nagaland and Manipur State. 02. West # Meghalaya State of a part of Karbi-Anglong 03. North # Nowgaon District 04. South # Cachar District 05. Height # 3117 feets ( Haflong ) The climatic conditions according to geographical location is suitable for esstt. Of Goat Project in N. C. Hills District. The evergreen grass and natural trees welcoming goat rearing in this hilly areas. There are sufficient fellow and waste land with green grass where goat project can be established. STRATEGY # The hill people generally take meat as their protein food local stock of goat are not available to meet the growing demand of meat. Establishment Goat Unit Sl. No. Unit Break-up 2004-05 2005-06 006-07 Total 1 10 Construction of sheds etc 2. 00 Lakhs 1. 22 Lakhs Nil 3. 22 Lakhs 2 Cost of animal (a) Buck (Beeta) @ 2000/- two Nos. for each unit (b) Doe @ 900/- 50 Nos. for each unit Nil 3. 00 Lakhs 1. 90 Lakhs 4. 90 lakhs 3 Working expenditure Nil 2. 00 Lakhs 0. 83 Lakhs 2. 83 Lakhs Total 10. 95 Lakhs LAND # At least 250/ 300 bighas of land are to be required for infrastructure facilities, Fodder plot and for grazing la nd. The site is required near the river or spring for water supply facility. COMMUNICATION # The site is required where road communication facilities are available. POWER SUPPLY # This is also necessary near site for taking up power supply to the project. MARKETTING FACILITIES # N. C. Hills itself is a good market for meat and input. The surplus stock can be sold nearby Meghalaya state Silchar, Nagaon or at Guwahati. STAFF # 01 (one) officer, 01 S. V. F. A. , 02 V. F. A. 01 Accountant, 01 LDA and 03 grade IV staff can be placed from the existing staff of the deptt. But 03 nos. technicians for processing of meat, preparation of wool etc. are to be sent for training from the existing staff. MODERN DOG BREEDING UNIT The middle classes and the upper middle class use to keep dogs as a status symbol and also as requirement for watching. They are found to have taken the pups of improved varieties from out side the state. And attempt has been made through this scheme to breed improved varieties of dogs. Sl. No. Unit Break-up 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 Total 1 10 Construction of dog house 5. 00 Lakhs 2. 85 Lakhs Nil 7. 85 Lakhs 2 Purchase of breeder Dogs – (a) German Shepherd @ 10,000 each (b) Doverman @ 10,000 each (c) Labrador @ 10,000 each Nil 2. 50 Lakhs Nil 2. 50 lakhs 3 Working expenditure, food medium etc. Nil 1. 1 Lakhs 1. 51 Lakhs 3. 02 Lakhs Total 13. 37 Lakhs FEED MIXING PLANT The Govt. Feed Mixing Plant at Haflong has been established with a view to supply balanced feed at a reasonable price to the departmental farms and other private farmers of N. C. Hills District. At present, the plant is supplying feeds to the only Govt. Pig-cum-Poultry Farm, Haflong and other small private farms o f N. C. Hills District. In a short period of time the plant has become popular particularly to the Farms of the District as they are giving more profit by procuring feeds from this Feed Mixing Plant. The nos. of pig of the Govt. Pig-cum-Poultry has increased to 3 times more within 1 year of inception of this plant. As there is one new Govt. Pig Farm called Pig seed production project, Umrangso is going to begin recently and numerous small private farmers are coming-up under the sponsorship of DRDA in N. C. Hills. Now the Feed Mixing Plant may not be able to meet the entire demand of supplying feeds as it is increasing day by day. Further, the requirement for establishment of Dairy demonstration farm, Haflong will also be proposed in this plant. As such, more fund for purchase of ingredient and supplement are necessary to increase production yearly. The following schemes to increase production id proposed. The proposed Modern Feed Mixing Plant will be set up on co-operative basis organizing the SHGs in to a co-operative unit. ESTABLISHMENT OF MODERN FEED MIXING PLANT Sl. No. Scheme 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 Total 01 Construction of feed mixing plant building 30. 00 Lakhs 18. 00 Lakhs Nil 48. 00 Lakhs 02 Purchase of Equipment and machineries 18. 00 Lakhs 6. 00 Lakhs Nil 24. 00 Lakhs 03 Materials and supply Nil 22. 00 Lakhs Nil 22. 00 Lakhs 04 Transportation 5. 00 lakhs 5. 00 lakhs Nil 10. 00 Lakhs Total 104. 00 lakhs ESTABLISHMENT OF FODDER FARM A Fodder Farm with a view to produce green grass, seed and for demonstration purchases for the farmers and for departmental farms is most essential. To establish this farm the follow land of the existing farm of Pig-cum-Poultry Farm is to be utilized in a scientific manner. The following scheme is prepared for establishment of the farm. For the time being 05 (five) bighas of land are to be utilized for the farm. Scheme is prepared as follows :- Sl. No. Unit Scheme 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 Total Rs. (in Lakhs) 01. 1 Reclamation of Land 1. 00 Nil Nil 1. 00 02. Purchases of seeds 0. 50 0. 20 0. 20 0. 90 3. Irrigation facilities 0. 50 Nil Nil 0. 50 04. Maintenance cost Nil 0. 30 0. 30 0. 60 Total 2. 00 0. 50 0. 50 3. 00 TRAINING AND RESOURCE CENTRE WITH ACCOMMODATIONS AND COMPUTER FACILITIES The government department and the NGO’s have been trying to uplift the rural masses by providing many inputs, but since the district does not have a proper training and resource centre the govt . officials and the NGOs become ill equipped to impart training as well as acquire training. Objective: The objective of establishing a training and Resource centre with accommodation and computer facilities are as follows. ) To provide training on livelihood issued to jhum cultivators. b) Rural Technology centre. c) Support to NGOs and SHGs d) District Resource Centre. e) E-commerce. TRAINING AND RESOURCE CENTRE WITH ACCOMMODATIONS AND COMPUTER FACILITIES Sl. No. Unit 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 Total 01. 01 Construction of Building for Centre 20 Lakhs 13. 00 Lakhs Nil 33. 00 lakhs 02. Electrifacilities/ Water Supply Nil 2. 00 Lakhs Nil 2. 00 Lakhs 03. Furniture’s Nil 3. 00 Lakhs Nil 3. 00 Lakhs 04. Computer/ Printer Scanner/ T. V. / LCD Projector etc. Nil 12. 10 Lakhs Nil 12. 10 Lakhs Total 20. 00 Lakhs 30. 10 Lakhs

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I am a passionate, persistent individual who wills to become a bachelor in British Law, in order to, further on, exert the profession of a lawyer. I am and have always been deeply interested in the principles of justice, which I try to put into action in my everyday life. My intention on entering a Law School is acquiring a deeper knowledge on the subject which has always been my main interest, both in my social and in my personal life. One might perhaps marvel that a Brazilian would rather join an British law school rather than one in his home country; the main reason why I am convinced that studying law in the United Kingdom, more precisely in England, is the absolute passion and interest I have always had for this country throughout my whole life, also extending to the field of law. My interest in Law and Rights first blossomed at the age of seven, when problems like alimony and share of goods showed up after my parents’ divorce, raising my interest to the mutual dissatisfaction of each with different matters concerning law, which made me wonder to what extent Divorce Law in Brazil was fair to both sides of the divorce. Moreover, I also have been told the basics of the profession by uncles – who are bachelors in Brazil – and about how time-demanding and complex it can be. My uncle also told me, though, that as long as it is exerted for passion, and not for other reasons, the high charge of work and responsibility are not a burden, but a pleasure. So high was my interest in analyzing processes and things alike that I got to spend hours with these uncles, asking questions about their procedures and their opinion about processes. I believe that my differential contribution to the university is based on the cultural interchange interchanged I have been through between the years 2011 and 2013, during which I have been living in Germany in a boarding school, understanding the functionality of a community in the sense that, unlike day schools, offers an intense interaction with other students and teacher, and the constant presence of academic pressure. Together with my coming to Europe in 2011 came the interest of studying in an International Baccalaureate school in order to, later on, fulfill my dream of studying Law in the UK.

What Should Jennifer Do Essay Example

What Should Jennifer Do Essay Example What Should Jennifer Do Essay What Should Jennifer Do Essay Heather has a point in saying that Jennifer should consider the job offer in Korea despite the contract that was signed in the Midwest Consulting. She has a point by saying that it will be more difficult for both Jennifer and the Midwest Consulting if Jennifer will continue to work there knowing that there is a better and more suited opportunity for her across the Pacific. However, Jennifer should consider talking and negotiating to the Midwest company. After all, there is a binding contract between her and the company. She should take some time in considering how she can argue in her defense. The company has all the legitimacy to file a case against her if she will abandon the contract. The only solution for this is to come up with a good talk in the company defending and arguing for her actions. The company would surely understand her situation if she can present it in a good way. Jennifer should never abandon and just fly to Korea without the permission of the Midwest consulting.I n her negotiation with the company, Jennifer should prepare some incentive for the Midwest company in case the company does now allow her to go. One of the best thing Jennifer can do is to present and refer some potential employee that can take over her position. In this case, the company will not be damaged in anyway. Lastly, in case the negotiation is successful, Jennifer should never forget that she must hold a paper saying that the Midwest clearly let her go without any obligation. In this sense, Jennifer can fly to Korea with ease that she took care all the problems that may arise in the future.ReferencesHooker, J. (2001) A Case Study: What Should Jennifer do? Carnegie Mellon University. Print. Accessed 6 June 2010.

Social Mobility essays

Social Mobility essays In a world where it is hard to get ahead, some people do manage to do it. Most of us spend our lives within our strata in the stratifications system because it is very difficult to move up in the world, as we know it today. While it is quite easy to move down a strata it can also require some effort to just maintain a strata. But for some people, moving up a strata is bound to happen, whether it is a result of structural mobility, or just positional mobility as read about in Chapter 5, they seem able to accomplish a surmountable wall in search of the American dream. Although moving up a strata is very rare in today's society it can be done. A good example is Steve Case, a CEO for America Online, who happens to be the subject of a Newsweek article called Case Study by Jared Sandberg. Steve Case grew up with his family in Honolulu in part of the old white Anglo establishment. Some of his earliest marketing experiments included the Case Company in which he used his paper route to gain access to his neighbors' houses so he could sell them anything from seeds, to personalized Christmas cards. In college he kept it up with anything for limos to rock concert tickets. Now he is CEO for one of the World's largest Internet access companies while it deals with Time-Warner in a possible merger of the two companies. Making him worth an estimated $1.4 billion. Social mobility is defined as movement through the stratification system, particularly as a result of changes in occupation, wealth or income. There are two types of social mobility; there is intergenerational mobility and intragenerational mobility. In this article over Steve Case, his is a case of intragenerational mobility, because it has happened within his lifetime, as defined by the definition of intragenerational mobility. Steve Case obtained his strata jump as a result of both structural mobility and positional mobility. Structural mobi ...

In Writing, Tone Is the Authors Attitude

In Writing, Tone Is the Authors Attitude In Writing, Tone Is the Author’s Attitude In Writing, Tone Is the Author’s Attitude By Mark Nichol In written composition, tone is often defined as what the author (rather than the reader) feels about the subject. (What the reader feels about it, by contrast, is referred to as the mood.) Tone is also sometimes confused with voice, which can be explained as the author’s personality expressed in writing. Tone is established when the author answers a few basic questions about the purpose of the writing: Why am I writing this? Who am I writing it to? What do I want the readers to learn, understand, or think about? Tone depends on these and other questions. In expository, or informative, writing, tone should be clear and concise, confident but courteous. The writing level should be sophisticated but not pretentious, based on the reader’s familiarity with or expertise in the topic, and should carry an undertone of cordiality, respect, and, especially in business writing, an engagement in cooperation and mutual benefit. Expository writing shares with journalistic writing an emphasis on details in order of priority, so writers should not only organize their compositions to reflect what they believe is most important for readers to know but also use phrasing and formatting that cues readers about the most pertinent information words like first, primary, major, and â€Å"most important,† and special type like italics or boldface, but employ both techniques with restraint. In creative writing, tone is more subjective, but it also requires focus on communication. The genre often determines the tone thrillers use tight, lean phrasing, romances (hearty adventures as well as adventures of the heart) tend to be more effusive and expressive, comedies more buoyant, and so on. Some writing guides suggest that if you’re unsure about what tone to adopt for fiction, you visualize the book as a film doesn’t everybody do that anyway these days? and imagine what emotions or feelings its musical soundtrack would convey. Tone is delivered in the form of syntax and usage, in imagery and symbolism, allusion and metaphor, and other literary tools and techniques, but that shouldn’t imply that developing tone is a technical enterprise that involves a checklist. Just as with mastering your writing voice (while being flexible enough to adapt it to a particular project), adopting a certain tone depends on these and many other qualitative factors. Tone can also be compared to differing attitudes of human behavior the difference, for instance, in how you behave at work, at church, at a party, and so on. Tone and voice are two features of writing that go hand in hand to create the style for a piece of writing. The attitude and the personality two other ways to describe these qualities could also be said to blend into a flavor of writing. Whatever analogy you use, make a conscious decision about tone based on the purpose, the audience, and the desired outcome of your work. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 English Grammar Rules You Should KnowThe Four Sounds of the Spelling OUGrammatical Case in English

The Enlightenment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Enlightenment - Essay Example Scientific inventions and scientific discoveries made the hallmark of the enlightenment period. During the enlightenment period, it was known that science was the subject that could bring transformation in the world (Withers, 2007). The transformation that was desired was that which could make human life comfortable and easier on earth. During this period, more goods were produced at reduced cost, the stress of traveling, communicstion was reduced, and mobility was advanced hence the ease of communication and transit. Trade became advanced to different locations and human life ceased to be caged in geographical confines. During this period, there were many criticisms as well as the mushrooming of various organized groups. The church specifically was criticized during this period. The church was criticized by the liberals to have been be confining peoples’ reason to doctrinal thoughts. The thought of the enlightenment age proposed a more individualized system that does not cons trict people to a particular system of belief. Enlightenement period was a period of enquiry and people wanted logical reasons and proof behind phenomena. At this time, people did not want to set their belief on speculations because they were propounded by the church or by such authorities like Plato; they wanted scientific truth (Pancaldi, 2003). This though and desire led to the attack of absolutist and mercantilism. The think tanks of the enlightenment age refused to believe and accept some dominating dogmas. They could not any scientific proof to make them believe that the monarchs had superior status than other human beings. They could further not find scientific comprehension that there is a class of people set a part to dominate other human race because they were set a part to claim sovereignty over others. Thinkers of the enlightenment age wanted proof beyond any reasonable doubt that mercantilism was of economic benefit. 2. Compare and contrast the role played by Danton and Robespierre during the terror Danton and Robespierre, had great influence in shaping human history. Both of these personalities were leaders to be reckoned with. They had major differences in belief and though; a thing which later led to the spilt of political stances. Robespierre strongly believed that a nation would be a better republic only if it was governed on the principle and the foundations of philosophy, virtue, and justice. Danton on the other hand strongly advocated for a nation that is ruled in the basis of nobility, tradition, and domestic agreement and peace. Each of these figures of power supported the course that they believed was in the best interest of the people and none was willing to sacrifice their though to accommodate that of the other (Gascoigne, 1989). Their opposing belief became personal that they could not meet each other. They had strong hatred for each other until when revolution came; to them, an opportunity to destroy each other presented itself. Du ring the Terror period, Danton was elected in the Public Safety committee. While he was serving in the committee, Danton sought to reconcile the parties that were conflicting with the min intension of restoring peace and enforcing the rule of law to take effect in nations. Danton hoped to bring stability during the revolution by adopting a new constitution. The second committee of the public safety under the leadership of Robespierre stood upright with a declaration to continue terror until the

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Cause and effect on gluten free diet - Essay Example One of the main reasons due to which gluten-free diet is being considered is because of an increase in celiac disease and people suffering from this disease appear to be quite insensitive to the consumption of diet that contains gluten. Celiac disease is recognized as an autoimmune disorder that tends to disrupt the smaller intestine and due to this disruption an individual experiences lack of nutrition as well as distress in the intestinal region. If these issues are not countered at an early stages then the chances of an individual developing intestinal carcinoma as well as infertility is quite high. People are moving towards gluten-free diet because in recent years several individuals have been diagnosed with this disease. A study was conducted by Rubio-Tapia in order to identify the prevalence of celiac disease amongst the population of United States and the researchers identified that 35 individuals out of a sample size of 7,798 individuals were experiencing this disease (Rubio- Tapia 1541). Fear of being diagnosed with celiac disease is not the only reason due to which individuals have started moving towards gluten-free diet. Wheat has been found to be the major source of gluten and individuals experiencing allergic reactions caused due to wheat consume less of wheat or they avoid wheat at all times and these individuals even tend to live on a gluten-free diet (Watson 133). Another disease which is regarded as a sign of celiac disease is dermatitis herpetiformis which is categorized as development of burning sensation along with rashes that are red in color and they develop on an individual’s skin (Watson 133). Physicians have proposed that individuals suffering from this disease should even avoid diet that contains gluten. Consuming gluten-free diet can both positively as well as negatively impact an

The evil-god challenge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The evil-god challenge - Essay Example These two notions are a measure by which human lives are evaluated. Depending on the actions of a person he or she may have a reputation of a good or a bad one. From early childhood, while listening fairy tales we begin to learn the concept of good and evil. We are taught that good always wins, though it is not so in the reality. Then the concept of God enters the life of children and they fully believe in what is written in the Bible, that is, the existence of the Lord is doubtless as well as the good nature of his personality and actions. Still there is a hesitation whether God exists and what his essence. So let’s consider this question with the help of research of theistic works on the theme of Stephen Law and Theodore M. Drange. To begin with we will study the argument of Law’s â€Å"The evil-god challenge† in which he touches the aspect of the good or evil will of the Lord who has the power to control life on the Earth as he is its Creator. From the beginning to the end of his work Law doubts the good motives of God’s activity for he allows so much suffering for his creatures, people. One of the main reasons of such a situation, according to the author, is that through the way of travails humans can become stronger and recognize good with even greater intense. Furthermore, the Lord has gifted people with an option of good or evil so it depends on them which one to prefer. And it is God who has allowed evil to exist by his decision not to made humanity his puppet theater giving it the opportunity to make a choice in favor of evil. Law claims that the explanation of such phenomenon as natural disasters which destroy and cripple the lives of sentient inhabitants is His will to prevent a g reater tragedy that is invisible for people. This is the first-order evil which needs the second-order good (theodicy) as a world’s virtue, for example. In this respect the suspicion or hypothesis of evil god arises. People just don’t understand how can a good

Discuss the american political parties, their characteristics, their Essay

Discuss the american political parties, their characteristics, their organizations and their battles - Essay Example Because of decentralization s of power structures, the president cannot assume that all the senators from his party will vote with him on a bill. Members occasionally vote against their party (Schaffner 57). A political party is a group of people who run candidates for public office under its banner, this definition does not cover all aspects of political parties; nonetheless it hits close enough to home. Bearing in mind that democracy is one of the main pillars on which America as a nation stands, by extension, this means that political parties cannot be divorced from the American people since democracy cannot be achieved in the absence of political parties. Parties serve a myriad of roles, and they organize and staff both executive and legislative branches on a state and national level. Parties are made up of electorate voters who are loyal and readily identify with it in and all its ideologies (Bibby and Schaffner). Then there is the organizing part of the party consisting of party official’s volunteers as well as salaried employees. The highest echelon of the party is constituted of the candidates, and other party holders, these people run for the positions and take power when the party wins. As such, everyone who supports the party in any capacity, from the disinterested voter to the volunteers to the party boss and candidate is a member. Functions of parties are diverse and they include serving as intermediaries between the people and government, and this way bringing scattered elements of citizenry under the same umbrella. Conducting nominations for the party candidates to contest for office as well as organizing government, this is if they get the presidency, they form the government for the 4-year term before the next election. The art that is not elected in serves as the opposition and they enhance accountability by ensuring the government in office does not abuse its power or slacken in fulfilling its election promises (Bibby and

The evil-god challenge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The evil-god challenge - Essay Example These two notions are a measure by which human lives are evaluated. Depending on the actions of a person he or she may have a reputation of a good or a bad one. From early childhood, while listening fairy tales we begin to learn the concept of good and evil. We are taught that good always wins, though it is not so in the reality. Then the concept of God enters the life of children and they fully believe in what is written in the Bible, that is, the existence of the Lord is doubtless as well as the good nature of his personality and actions. Still there is a hesitation whether God exists and what his essence. So let’s consider this question with the help of research of theistic works on the theme of Stephen Law and Theodore M. Drange. To begin with we will study the argument of Law’s â€Å"The evil-god challenge† in which he touches the aspect of the good or evil will of the Lord who has the power to control life on the Earth as he is its Creator. From the beginning to the end of his work Law doubts the good motives of God’s activity for he allows so much suffering for his creatures, people. One of the main reasons of such a situation, according to the author, is that through the way of travails humans can become stronger and recognize good with even greater intense. Furthermore, the Lord has gifted people with an option of good or evil so it depends on them which one to prefer. And it is God who has allowed evil to exist by his decision not to made humanity his puppet theater giving it the opportunity to make a choice in favor of evil. Law claims that the explanation of such phenomenon as natural disasters which destroy and cripple the lives of sentient inhabitants is His will to prevent a g reater tragedy that is invisible for people. This is the first-order evil which needs the second-order good (theodicy) as a world’s virtue, for example. In this respect the suspicion or hypothesis of evil god arises. People just don’t understand how can a good

Analysis of Cross Cultural Management of Ericsson Company Assignment

Analysis of Cross Cultural Management of Ericsson Company - Assignment Example The different countries have different beliefs, traditions, and religions giving rise to a wide array of the cultures. The management of the companies has grown keeping in view with the culture of the different countries giving rise to the cross-cultural management. It has become a prime concept in the context of the modern business environment for the development of the business. The corporate culture today is involved in understanding the essence of the different cultures of the countries. It has become important for the companies to understand the cultures of the countries they operate and influence the operations of the companies. The companies in the different countries employ the people of the country who are influenced by the domestic culture. It is important to understand the culture to understand the operations and the activity of the employees in the countries. The management has to get a hold over the culture to influence the change in the organization and to look into the development of it. It has become an integral part of the organizations in the world over and it is not merely an â€Å"add-on†. (Lakomski, 2005, P. 42; Tjosvold & Leung, 2003, P. 156)   The paper will deal with the business case of Ericsson. Ericsson is a Swedish telecommunications company and a firm in the industry that can offer end-to-end solutions in the sector. The company has been successful in its operations in the world over and India, as a market held a good proposition for the country. In fact, about 40% of the total calls made in the world are routed through the networks of Ericsson.  This underlines the size of the company and the prospect, which the company possesses. In the case of India, Ericsson has entered the market at the start of the 20th century. The company dealt in the switches in the electric board. India, as a market of the mobile technology, took a giant step in the decade of the 1990s

Regulatory requirements Essay Example for Free

Regulatory requirements Essay Explain how you identify the regulatory requirements, codes of practice and relevant guidance for managing concerns and complaints in own area of work The complaints policy for Enfield Connect Mental Health Floating Team One Support outlines the following aims: To resolve concerns / complaints as quickly and effectively as possible, through an informal response by a frontline member of staff. If this is not possible then through a more formal investigation and conciliation in an open and non-defensive way to ensure that all concerns / complaints are dealt with in accordance with these procedures. To ensure that staff, customers and relatives/carers are aware of the policy and procedure. To improve quality of service by identifying lessons learned from complaints locally and nationally and by implementing improvements in service using the lessons learnt. To uphold even-handedness for both staff and complainant alike. To help all health professionals to feel they can be open in their communications with patients whenever mistakes are made and to not be reluctant to apologise. As a member of the front line staff I make a point to highlight to the customers on ad mission the section of the ‘Customers Welcome Pack’ about expectations on how complaints will be dealt with. This reads as follows: ‘Please be assured that any complaint you make will be taken seriously and handled sensitively and efficiently. An initial acknowledgement will be received within 2 working days and a full written response, following a thorough investigation, will be sent within 20 working days. If for any reason this cannot be achieved then you will receive written communication informing you of this. In the first instance we would encourage you to speak to the Team Manager to hopefully resolve the matter quickly. If this is not appropriate for any reason then please contact the Senior Team manager. The name and contact details of the Team Manager and Senior Team Manager are available in the Customer Welcome pack’.

Debromination and Bromination of Cholesterol

Debromination and Bromination of Cholesterol Bromination/debromination which is an important organic reaction that aims in purification of crude cholesterol from impurities which include 3-cholestanol, 7-cholesten-3-ol, and 5,7-chlestadien-3-ol was performed in a laboratory scale for two weeks. Due to steric constraints, only cholesterol reacted with bromine and crystallized from the solution making it possible to be separated (Feiser, and Williamson 63). The dibromocholesterol formed is regenerated by reacting with Zinc dust. In addition, three methods were used to evaluate the effectiveness. These were Sodium Iodide test, Silver Nitrate test, and Sulfuric acid test. NaI test showed a positive response as color changed to yellow. The formation of the precipitate also indicated a positive result. The sodium iodide reagent reacted with 1 ° and 2 ° alkyl halides through an SN2 mechanism.  On the other hand, the silver nitrate reagent reacted with 2 ° and 3 ° alkyl halides through an SN1 mechanism.   Negative results w ere observed for both the commercial cholesterol and 1-chlorobutane (Zubrick 38). Conversely, the t-butyl chloride gave a positive result for the AgNO3  test and a negative result for the NaI test. The synthesized cholesterol was 0.29 gram and the theoretical yield was 1.08 gram. This gave a percent yield of 26.9 gram. Although this was a low yield the TLC analysis confirmed a high purity of the synthesized cholesterol. The melting point of the synthesized cholesterol and commercial cholesterol seems to fall in the same range. This confirms the purity of the synthesized cholesterol. TLC analysis was carried out to confirm the purity of the analysis. The distance traveled by commercial cholesterol was 5.5 whereas that travelled by the synthesized cholesterol was 4.6. The absence of other spots on the TLC plate confirms that there were no contaminations present in the sample. Introduction Cholesterol is an important steroidal compound found in both animals and plants. Despite the fact that cholesterol causes diseases, it plays a vital role in life. For example, cholesterol is the main structural component in cell walls and in myelin sheath formation. It is also a major precursor for most steroid hormones. Crude cholesterol is isolated from natural sources and various methods have been used in its purification. Crude cholesterol contains approximately 3-5% contamination. Some of the contaminants are 3-cholestanol, 7-cholesten-3-ol, and 5,7-chlestadien-3-ol shown below. Some common contaminants of commercial cholesterol The main objective of this experiment was to purify commercial cholesterol using organic reaction chemistry, including the use of the electrophilic addition. For complete purification of cholesterol from the above impurities is achieved by a reaction of bromine with cholesterol to generate dibromocholesterol. Because of the steroid ring structure present in these compounds that causes steric constraints, only cholesterol reacts with bromine to form an insoluble diaxial dibromo compound through electrophilic addition. On the other hand, cholestanal does not react with bromine and the other two contaminants are dehydrogenated by bromine leading to formation of soluble dienes and trienes respectively. The dibromo-cholesterol precipitates as a solid leaving the other impurities in the reaction solvent. A purification step such as solvent washing or crystallization is carried out to separate the solid from the impurities. The solid dibrom o-cholesterol is then reacted with zinc in order to regenerate pure cholesterol. Reaction Scheme for the Bromination/Debromination of Cholesterol To test the effectiveness of this reaction three different chemical tests namely sodium iodide in acetone, silver nitrate in ethanol test, and sulfuric acid test, were performed. Each of these tests is selective for a specific functional group. Dibromocholesterol contains both primary and secondary alkyl halides and reacts with a sodium iodide in acetone and silver nitrate in ethanol to form a precipitate or a cloudy solution. In addition, the presence of double bonds in dibromocholesterol in form of alkene makes it possible for the formation of a fluorescent green sulfuric acid layer and a red chloroform layer when reacted with sulfuric acid (Landgrebe 78). Material and Methods 1g of commercial cholesterol was added to a 25 mL Erlenmeyer flask. 7 mL t-butylmethyl ether was measured with a graduated cylinder and added to the flask containing the cholesterol and a magnetic stir bar. A water bath was then set up on the hotplate in the hood. The Erlenmeyer flask contain the reaction solution was inserted into the water bath and clamped as shown below. The heat and the stirrer were turned on and gently heat until all the cholesterol dissolved in t-butylmethyl ether. The flask was removed from the water bath after all the cholesterol was completely dissolved and allowed to cool to room temperature. After the cholesterol solution was cooled, the flask was clamped to the ring on the hot plate as shown in figure 4 and stirred without heating. A burette was then used to dispense 5 mL of bromine solution into the flask. A precipitate solution formed almost immediately. The water bath was replaced with ice and tap water and the reaction solution stirred intermittently with a glass stir rod for ~ 10 minutes to complete the crystallization of the product. About 20 mL of the t-butylmethyl ether acetic acid solution was then dispensed in a clean 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask which was clamped to a ring stand and allowed to cool in the ice bath. A vacuum filtration was done using a Buchner funnel and filter paper. The solid in the filter was washed using ~10 mL of the cooled solution of t-butylmethyl ether acetic acid and then with ~10 ml of methanol. The solid was then allowed to dry with the vacuum on for about 5 minutes. the dibromocholesterol melting point was measured and recorded. The dry solid was weighted and sealed in a vial and stored for next experiment. To debrominate cholesterol, 20 mL of t-butylmethyl ether, 5 mL of acetic acid and 0.2 g of Zn dust were added into the Erlenmeyer flask containing the dibromocholesterol solid. The mixture was swir led for 5-10 minutes in the hood and sonicated in 5 minutes to allow the reaction to go completion. After sonication the solids present were removed by gravity filtration method into a clean 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask. The filtrate was transferred to a 125 mL separatory funnel in which 20 mL of deionized water was added, shaken and allowed to separate into layers. The two layers formed were then separated as water layers and organic (ether) layers. The ether layer was washed with 20 mL of 10% NaOH and then 20 mL of saturated NaCl solution. 100mg of the drying agent magnesium sulfate was added to the organic layer and the solution swirled until dry. The drying agent was removed by gravity filtration using a glass funnel fluted filter paper and a very dry 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask. The flask was placed in a warm water bath and then ice cooled for 10 minutes until all but 5 mL of the ether remained following a precipitate formation from the solution. The remaining solvent was decanted and th e synthesized cholesterol transferred and allowed to dry in the hood for 20 minutes.The dry solid was weighed and the weight recorded. In addition the melting point was also taken and recorded. To evaluate the effectiveness of the bromination reaction three chemical reactions mentioned above were carried out. NaI in acetone test Five test tubes labeled A, B, C, D and E were used for this test.   About 30 mg of the commercial cholesterol starting material was added to tube A; ~30 mg of dibromocholesterol to tube B; ~30 mg of the synthesized cholesterol product to tube C; ~0.3 mL of 1-chlorobutane to tube D; and ~ 0.3 mL of t-butyl chloride to tube E.   In addition, about 3 mL of acetone was added to each tube to completely dissolve all the compounds.   Solutions A-E was used to do the NaI in acetone test as well as the AgNO3 in ethanol test. Tubes A-C did the TLC as well. The NaI in Acetone and AgNO3 in Ethanol tests were performed by setting up a test tube rack containing ten small test tubes. The test tubes were labeled N1 N5 and A1 A5. 1 mL of NaI in acetone reagent was added to test tubes N1 N5, and 1 mL of AgNO3 in ethanol reagent to test tubes A1 A5. This was followed by adding 5-8 drops of A solution to test tube N1 and tube A1, 5-8 drops of solution B to test tube N2 and tube A2, 5-8 drops of solution C to to test tube N3 and tube A3, 5-8 drops of solution C to test tube N4 and tube A4, and 5-8 drops of solution C to test tube N5 and tube A5. The test tubes were heated for a while and all the observations recorded. The sulfuric acid for alkenes test was performed by additional solutions of cholesterol and dibromocholesterol with five dry-cleaned test tubes 1-5. 10 mg of commercial cholesterol was placed in tube 1, ~10mg of the dibromocholesterol to tube 2 ~10 mg of your synthesized cholesterol to tube 3, ~10 mg of 2-chlorobutane to tube 4, and 10 mg of cyclohexene to tube 5.  About 1 mL of chloroform (CHCl3) was added to each tube and vortex to completely dissolve all solids.   In addition, 0.5 mL of H2SO4 was then added to each tube. The observation for this reaction was recorded in the notebook. The TLC analysis of cholesterol and dibromocholesterol was performed by obtaining a silica gel TLC plate and setting it up to run TLC analysis on solutions A-C above. The plate was spotted with each solution and developed by placing the plate using 30% ethyl acetate: 70% hexane as the mobile phase. The developed plates were viewed under UV lamp and in the I2 chamber and observations recorded. Discussion The yield of the synthesized cholesterol was .29 grams (Table 1). The theoretical yield was 1.08 grams. The actual yield was calculated by taking the difference of the weight of the round bottom flask and the synthesized cholesterol by the synthesized cholesterols weight alone. The percent yield was calculated to be 26.9 percent. The synthesize process was not efficient due to the low yield and percent yield of the synthesized cholesterol. The melting point of the synthesized cholesterol and commercial cholesterol seems to fall in the same range. This confirms the purity of the synthesized cholesterol. NaI test showed a positive response as color changed to yellow. The formation of the precipitate also indicated a positive result. The sodium iodide reagent reacted with 1 ° and 2 ° alkyl halides through an SN2 mechanism.  On the other hand, the silver nitrate reagent reacted with 2o and 3 ° alkyl halides through an SN1 mechanism.   Negative results were observed for both the commercial cholesterol and 1-chlorobutane. Conversely, the t-butyl chloride gave a positive result for the AgNO3  test and a negative result for the NaI test. The stationary phase of the TLC test was the silica gel TLC plate and the mobile phase was 30% Ethyl Acetate/70% Hexane (Table 6). The distance traveled by commercial cholesterol was 5.5, and for the synthesized cholesterol was 4.6. The difference in the distance traveled and the R f values of the samples commercial and synthesized cholesterol were pure. Since there were no other spots visible on the TLC plate was a clear indication that there were no contaminations of other chemical compounds present in the sample.

Gertrude Stein :: essays research papers fc

Gertrude Stein   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I know I am† (Burnett 51). This response form Gertrude Stein was given in answer to the question â€Å"You think you are a genius?† posed to her by the French artist Henri Matisse. This was the epitome of Stein.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Born in 1876, in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, Gertrude was the fifth child, and youngest, to Daniel and Amelia Stein, German-Jewish immigrants. She was a bright girl, but was noted for â€Å"her lifelong indifference to rules† (Gombar 41), especially in school. The early death of her mother was the cause of this. Her father was the king of his castle, often acting as a tyrant, and Stein â€Å"credited her lifelong aversion to all authorities and father figures† (Gombar 41) to him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gertrude always had a close relationship to her older brother, Leo. They were fast friends throughout their childhood, and into their adulthood. Though she had completed few years of high school, and did not meet the requirements in Latin, when Leo attended Harvard in 1892, Gertrude followed in 1893, in the women’s Harvard Annex. While at Harvard, she was taken under the wing of noted psychoanalyst, William James. James had an effect on Stein’s later writings as well. His method of â€Å"automatic writing, in which subjects wrote down their unedited, free-associative thoughts† (Gombar 42), was often the way Gertrude wrote many of her literary pieces. In 1897, she was denied her bachelor’s degree, but the next year, she graduated magna cum laude with the class of 1898. Because of high recommendations from James and her other professors, she was granted admission to Johns Hopkins Medical School, where her brother was also studying. They lived together in Baltimore, and Leo would gather friends on the weekends for their infamous salons. Leo, from his familiar post leaning against the bookcase, would direct discussions that lasted five to six hours. Life was pleasant in their household, and Gertrude failed to notice Leo was changing. Within weeks, he was packed and on his way to Europe. For a while, Gertrude lived with another roommate, but she, too, got restless, and in 1903, she joined Leo in Europe. After traveling in Europe and Africa, she settled with Leo in France. Their apartment at 27 rue de Fleurus was soon filled with paintings by the new Modernists, such as Pablo Picasso, Paul Cà ©zanne, and Henri Matisse. Being among the first to accept the Modernist paintings, Gertrude and Leo became friends with the artists.

Critical Analysis of Porphyria’s Lover

Michelle Padgett English 102 Ms. Riggs 3 March 2013 Critical Analysis of â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† by Robert Browning Robert Browning wrote â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† in the 1830s. The speaker is Porphyria’s lover and he speaks in a very solemn tone. The poem never divulges the two characters’ real names. The mood is grim and despondent throughout the whole poem. The speaker in the poem shows through many ways that Porphyria yearned for her death, through the spontaneity of her murder, his solemn demeanor, her sickly symptoms, and the smile that was on her face when she was killed.The mood is very dismal and melancholy. It begins with a description of a storm approaching. This sets the overall tone of the poem. â€Å"The rain set early in tonight,/ The sullen wind was soon awake,/ It tore the elm-tops down for spite,/ And did its worst to vex the lake:†(698). The speaker seems to be in a solemn mood because he is troubled with what he is about to do. He is preparing himself for the horrific crime he must commit. When Porphyria sits beside him, he does not respond to her when she speaks to him. And, last, she sat down by my side/ And called me. When no voice replied, /She put my arm about her waist†(699). The speaker hints that something is wrong with Porphyria. He states that she has passion for him, but is too weak to express it, even though she has done so before. â€Å"Murmuring how she loved me–she/ Too weak, for all her heart’s endeavor,/ To set its struggling passion free†(699). Illness is evident in Porphyria when her lover claims that she is pale and his love for her was â€Å"all in vain†(699). A sudden thought of one so pale†(699). His love for her was futile and hopeless because of her failing health and he knew they would not be together for much longer. The speaker was not yet decided upon what he wanted to do with their situation. â€Å"Porphyria worshiped me: s urprise/ Made my heart swell, and still it grew/ While I debated what to do†(699). The act of taking her life was spontaneous, a spur of the moment decision. Even though her death was inevitable, he had not known the means to which her demise would be carried out. I found/ A thing to do, and all her hair/ In one long yellow string I wound/ Three times her little throat around,†(699). The word â€Å"found† indicates that he did not plan out her death beforehand. After he kills her, he convinces himself that she felt no pain. This proves that he did not do it out of anger or revenge. â€Å"No pain felt she;/ I am quite sure she felt no pain†(699). The lover warily opened her eyes and he saw no blame in them, only happiness. He described her blue eyes as laughing which reveals what she feels in the last moments of her life. I warily oped her lids: again/ Laughed the blue eyes without a stain†(699). He then unwound her tresses from around her neck and gav e her a â€Å"burning kiss† filled with all the love he had for her (699). He sits with Porphyria’s head resting on his shoulder while she still smile. â€Å"The smiling rosy little head,/ So glad it had its utmost will†(699). Porphyria’s will was to die, but to not know when or how she would. This makes the spontaneity of the act all the more understandable. The speaker calls it her â€Å"darling one wish† making it all the more important and special (700).The speaker was not able to let her go, even after her death. â€Å"He must and has indeed chosen to sit within the realm of the painful emotion that his act of granting her last wish burdened him with†(Best). His act of love burdens and renders him unable to relinquish his love just yet. â€Å"And thus we sat together now,/ And all night long we have not stirred†(700). Porphyria’s death was so just that â€Å"God has not said a word! †(700). His actions were ethicall y right and not one God from any religion would disagree and punish him for it.Robert Brown’s â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† is very misunderstood in its meaning. The speaker is seen as a madman, when really, he is a man faced with a task that he must grant unto his love. Brown sets up the play as gloomy when he writes that a storm if fast approaching and the wind is blowing so hard that the trees are bending. The lover finds it hard to speak to Porphyria because he is faced with a horrific situation. Her murder was made with a split decision and carried out with great remorse. He even remarks upon her pale face, hinting that she is sick.After her death, she has a smile on her face and her eyes are laughing. This is a telltale sign that she wished for her own painless death to escape a gruesome one down the road. His love for was so great that even the Gods could not object to him killing her. Works Cited Best, J. T. â€Å"‘Porphyria's Lover’ — Va stly Misunderstood Poetry. † The Victorian Web. N. p. 8 June 2007. Web. 6 March 2013. Browning, Robert. â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover. † 1836. Compact Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writing. 8th ed. Ed. Kirszner and Mandell. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2013. 698-700. Print. Padgett

Police Psychology Essay

A number of methods of learning are available. Studies have shown that most people learn best if the information is presented in more than one format. Because the police officers involved in the crisis prevention will eventually be involved in real-life hostage situations, it is very important that they learn the information effectively. The training will involve a forty hour training, which will take place over a work week. The training would involve all staff that would in some way be involved with a hostage crisis. This would include the police who would respond first to the scene, specialists who would be called in, and dispatchers who take the calls for help. The first day of training would be in oral format. The information would include an introduction of the type of crisis and the basics on the type of people who would be involved (nervous, stressed, frightened, volatile people, who need to be handled very carefully), types of situations, potential places and victims. To get involvement experienced police officers would be encouraged to provide insights on real- life situations and the group could problem solve how to respond. The second day would be watching video trainings of actual situations, then having question and answers over how they were handled and the outcomes. The third day the group would be divided into small groups. Each group would be given a situation (domestic disturbance with the father holding the family hostage or five armed gunmen in an elementary school). Each group would decide the best way to handle the situation, and then the entire group would discuss all of the scenarios and discuss how individual situations would be handled differently. They would discuss whether the father would be more likely to become violent or the gunmen in the school, or a disgruntled employee in his former employer’s office. They would then discuss such issues as motive and background to determine which personalities would be more likely to escalate and which could be talked down. The fourth day would involve the legal issues on how to deal with hostage situations and what promises or threats could be made. The issue of homeland security would come about for public buildings and the United States policy on negotiating with terrorists would be an issue for discussion. The fifth day would be putting the information to the test in a simulated hostage situation. Each member of the group would be required to cover his or her job as if it was a real hostage situation. At the end of it debriefing would occur to discuss what went well and what needed improvement. In a case potentially involving members of the police department it would be very important to keep the information about the case among the main investigators of the case. The role of the psychologist in this case would be to retrace the events of the mayor’s last moments. This would involve learning more about the meeting that had taken place between him and the other prominent official. Since this was the last time he had been seen alive it would be important to find out if something about the meeting led to his death. Part of the psychologist’s job would be to find out if any of the police officials might be involved. In addition to this the psychologist would need to support the other investigators when they have to investigate their co-workers and their superiors. Investigating people close to them could be very difficult for the investigators, especially if they should happen to find that some of their colleagues were involved. In the case that there was police involvement in the murder and the investigators became forced to testify against people they have worked with or for it could create new need for the psychologists. In this situation the psychologist would need to provide support for the investigating officers through the investigation and the trial, against the fear of retaliation. Part of this would involve observing the behavior of other officers towards the investigating officers and being aware of changed behavior towards them. The tools needed for the psychologist’s role would include such things as observation skills, client records and profiles. It would require interviewing and record keeping as well as assisting the investigating officers in finding the motive for the murder. In any field effective management is very important and the relationship between management and subordinates is very important. In the police field it is exceptionally important, because not only does the effectiveness of the business depend on a positive relationship, but the very lives of the police officers could be involved. If the management of the police force is not well organized people can be sent on assignments without needed information or equipment, and be injured or killed on the assignment. Strong management needs to be organized and well informed. Management needs to be aware of the details of cases and situations before officers are placed in harms way. Although in police work there is no way to completely avoid danger, the severity and threat can be minimized by appropriate and thought out preparation and training. For a manager to be effective in placing employees in the proper positions and assignments, it is important for the manager to know the employee’s strengths and weaknesses. The psychologist can be helpful in this area by getting to know both the management team and the officers. By studying the personality styles of everyone involved, the psychologist can help match managers with the subordinates who would work best with them in order to make the team more effective. In addition to matching people, the psychologist would be effective in helping management know what assignments and positions would be best for which officers. In time of crisis or after a stressful assignment, the psychologist would be very important in debriefing the staff and minimizing conflicts among staff members.